羅茨鼓風(fēng)機(jī)作為容積式氣體輸送設(shè)備的典型代表，其啟停操作直接影響設(shè)備壽命與運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性。本文從技術(shù)規(guī)范角度，系統(tǒng)闡述標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化操作流程與關(guān)鍵注意事項(xiàng)。

　　As a typical representative of volumetric gas conveying equipment, the start stop operation of Roots blower directly affects the service life and operational stability of the equipment. This article systematically elaborates on standardized operating procedures and key considerations from the perspective of technical specifications.

　　一、啟動(dòng)前準(zhǔn)備與安全檢查

　　1、 Preparation and safety check before startup

　　機(jī)械狀態(tài)確認(rèn)

　　Mechanical status confirmation

　　檢查地腳螺栓、聯(lián)軸器護(hù)罩等緊固件是否完好，手動(dòng)盤車確認(rèn)轉(zhuǎn)子旋轉(zhuǎn)無(wú)卡滯，軸承游隙符合設(shè)備手冊(cè)要求。

　　Check whether the anchor bolts, coupling guards, and other fasteners are intact, manually rotate the rotor to confirm that there is no jamming, and the bearing clearance meets the requirements of the equipment manual.

　　確認(rèn)潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)油位處于視窗1/2至2/3區(qū)間，油品粘度等級(jí)符合環(huán)境溫度要求，北方冬季需采用低溫潤(rùn)滑脂。

　　Confirm that the oil level of the lubrication system is within the range of 1/2 to 2/3 of the window, and that the viscosity grade of the oil meets the requirements of the ambient temperature. Low temperature grease should be used in winter in northern China.

　　管路系統(tǒng)核查

　　Pipeline system verification

　　排氣閥門應(yīng)處于全開狀態(tài)，避免帶壓?jiǎn)?dòng)對(duì)齒輪箱造成沖擊。旁通管路需保持暢通，作為緊急泄壓通道。

　　The exhaust valve should be fully open to avoid impact on the gearbox caused by pressure starting. The bypass pipeline needs to be kept unobstructed as an emergency pressure relief channel.

　　進(jìn)口消音器濾網(wǎng)清潔度達(dá)標(biāo)，阻力值≤500Pa，必要時(shí)采用壓縮空氣反向吹掃。

　　The cleanliness of the imported muffler filter meets the standard, with a resistance value of ≤ 500Pa. If necessary, compressed air can be used for reverse blowing.

　　電氣聯(lián)鎖校驗(yàn)

　　Electrical interlocking verification

　　確認(rèn)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)向與設(shè)備標(biāo)示一致，通過(guò)點(diǎn)動(dòng)測(cè)試驗(yàn)證旋轉(zhuǎn)方向，反轉(zhuǎn)會(huì)導(dǎo)致轉(zhuǎn)子瞬間碰撞。

　　Confirm that the motor direction is consistent with the equipment label, verify the rotation direction through jog testing, and reverse rotation will cause instantaneous collision of the rotor.

　　檢查過(guò)載保護(hù)裝置設(shè)定值，電流閾值應(yīng)為額定電流的1.1-1.2倍，避免頻繁跳閘。

　　Check the setting value of the overload protection device, and the current threshold should be 1.1-1.2 times the rated current to avoid frequent tripping.

　　二、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化啟動(dòng)流程

　　2、 Standardized initiation process

　　空載預(yù)熱階段

　　No load preheating stage

　　啟動(dòng)潤(rùn)滑油泵，循環(huán)10-15分鐘，確保軸承箱與齒輪嚙合面形成穩(wěn)定油膜。觀察油溫變化，冬季需配置加熱器維持油溫≥15℃。

　　Start the lubricating oil pump and cycle for 10-15 minutes to ensure a stable oil film is formed between the bearing housing and the gear meshing surface. Observe changes in oil temperature, and in winter, a heater should be installed to maintain an oil temperature of ≥ 15 ℃.

　　漸進(jìn)加載程序

　　Progressive loading program

　　關(guān)閉旁通閥，以20%間隔逐步調(diào)節(jié)進(jìn)氣閥開度，每次調(diào)整間隔3-5分鐘，使轉(zhuǎn)子逐步適應(yīng)載荷變化。

　　Close the bypass valve and gradually adjust the opening of the intake valve at 20% intervals, with a 3-5 minute interval between each adjustment, to gradually adapt the rotor to changes in load.

　　監(jiān)控軸振動(dòng)速度有效值，≤4.5mm/s為正常范圍，超過(guò)6.0mm/s需緊急停機(jī)檢查。

　　The effective value of the monitoring shaft vibration speed is ≤ 4.5mm/s, which is within the normal range. If it exceeds 6.0mm/s, an emergency stop inspection is required.

　　工況參數(shù)整定

　　Setting of working condition parameters

　　待出口壓力穩(wěn)定后，調(diào)節(jié)安全閥開啟壓力至額定工作壓力的1.05-1.1倍，形成雙重保護(hù)機(jī)制。

　　After the outlet pressure is stable, adjust the opening pressure of the safety valve to 1.05-1.1 times the rated working pressure to form a dual protection mechanism.

　　校驗(yàn)壓力表、溫度傳感器精度，誤差范圍應(yīng)符合GB/T 12242標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。

　　Verify the accuracy of pressure gauges and temperature sensors, and ensure that the error range meets the requirements of GB/T 12242 standard.

　　三、正常停機(jī)操作規(guī)范

　　3、 Normal shutdown operation specifications

　　卸荷停機(jī)程序

　　Unloading shutdown program

　　逐步開啟旁通閥，以30%間隔分階段卸載，每次調(diào)整間隔不少于5分鐘，避免壓力突變導(dǎo)致轉(zhuǎn)子反向沖擊。

　　Gradually open the bypass valve and unload in stages at 30% intervals, with each adjustment interval not less than 5 minutes, to avoid sudden pressure changes that may cause rotor reverse impact.

　　關(guān)閉進(jìn)氣閥，待電流降至空載值后執(zhí)行斷電操作，禁止帶壓停機(jī)。

　　Close the intake valve and perform a power-off operation after the current drops to the no-load value. Do not shut down under pressure.

　　后處理與防護(hù)

　　Post processing and protection

　　停機(jī)后持續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)20-30分鐘，防止高溫油品碳化。軸承箱溫度降至40℃以下方可停泵。

　　Run the lubrication system continuously for 20-30 minutes after shutdown to prevent carbonization of high-temperature oil products. The pump can only be stopped when the temperature of the bearing box drops below 40 ℃.

　　南方潮濕環(huán)境需定期盤車，每24小時(shí)旋轉(zhuǎn)180°，避免轉(zhuǎn)子軸系變形。

　　The humid environment in the south requires regular turning, rotating 180 ° every 24 hours to avoid deformation of the rotor shaft system.

　　四、特殊工況處置方案

　　4、 Special working condition disposal plan

　　喘振預(yù)防措施

　　Surge prevention measures

　　當(dāng)出口壓力波動(dòng)幅度超過(guò)額定值的20%時(shí)，立即開啟旁通管路泄壓，同步檢查管路阻力特性。

　　When the fluctuation amplitude of the outlet pressure exceeds 20% of the rated value, immediately open the bypass pipeline to release pressure and synchronously check the resistance characteristics of the pipeline.

　　調(diào)整導(dǎo)葉開度，使工作點(diǎn)遠(yuǎn)離喘振邊界線，安全裕度≥15%。

　　Adjust the opening of the guide vanes to keep the working point away from the surge boundary line, with a safety margin of ≥ 15%.

　　高溫應(yīng)急處理

　　High temperature emergency response

　　軸承溫度超過(guò)85℃時(shí)，檢查冷卻水流量是否達(dá)標(biāo)，必要時(shí)切換備用冷卻回路。

　　When the bearing temperature exceeds 85 ℃, check whether the cooling water flow meets the standard, and switch to the backup cooling circuit if necessary.

　　潤(rùn)滑油溫過(guò)高需啟用油冷卻器，確保油品粘度不低于ISO VG 32標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

　　If the lubricating oil temperature is too high, an oil cooler should be activated to ensure that the viscosity of the oil is not lower than the ISO VG 32 standard.

　　五、維護(hù)保養(yǎng)關(guān)鍵節(jié)點(diǎn)

　　5、 Key maintenance milestones

　　周期性檢測(cè)項(xiàng)目

　　Periodic testing items

　　每運(yùn)行2000小時(shí)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)子間隙檢測(cè)，軸向間隙應(yīng)≤0.15mm，徑向間隙≤0.30mm，超標(biāo)需返廠維修。

　　Perform rotor clearance testing every 2000 hours of operation, with axial clearance ≤ 0.15mm and radial clearance ≤ 0.30mm. If it exceeds the standard, it needs to be returned to the factory for repair.

　　同步齒輪嚙合間隙每半年校驗(yàn)一次，側(cè)隙標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值為0.25-0.35mm。

　　The meshing clearance of synchronous gears is verified every six months, and the standard value of side clearance is 0.25-0.35mm.

　　易損件更換周期

　　Replacement cycle of vulnerable parts

　　空氣濾芯每運(yùn)行500小時(shí)清潔，1500小時(shí)更換，阻力超過(guò)1kPa必須更換。

　　The air filter should be cleaned every 500 hours of operation and replaced after 1500 hours. If the resistance exceeds 1kPa, it must be replaced.

　　軸封件累計(jì)運(yùn)行4000小時(shí)更換，泄漏量超過(guò)5mL/h時(shí)提前更換。

　　Replace the shaft seal after a cumulative operation of 4000 hours, and replace it in advance when the leakage exceeds 5mL/h.

　　羅茨鼓風(fēng)機(jī)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化啟停操作是保障設(shè)備可靠運(yùn)行的基礎(chǔ)，需嚴(yán)格遵循操作規(guī)程并建立設(shè)備健康檔案。通過(guò)實(shí)施預(yù)防性維護(hù)策略，可顯著延長(zhǎng)設(shè)備使用壽命，降低非計(jì)劃停機(jī)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

　　The standardized start stop operation of Roots blowers is the foundation for ensuring reliable operation of equipment, and it is necessary to strictly follow the operating procedures and establish equipment health records. By implementing preventive maintenance strategies, the service life of equipment can be significantly extended and the risk of unplanned downtime can be reduced.

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